Troy Davis and Judge Moore: What Was the Evidence in this Case?

Troy Davis was executed by the State of Georgia, despite all the controversy surrounding whether or not this man was innocent of killing a police officer, long ago, in the parking lot of a fast food restaurant.  Since the execution, I've read all sorts of stuff on the web about this case - from Ann Coulter to Alec Baldwin - and it's left me wondering: okay, what WAS the evidence in this case?

Earlier, I posted what I understood to be accurate - that the majority of the eyewitnesses had recanted and that there was no physical evidence presented by the prosecution at the trial where Troy Davis was convicted.  Was this true?  (No.)

Also, I wrote that the United States Supreme Court had done something very unusual when they sent the case down for an evidentiary hearing before a district court judge (Judge William Moore of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, Savannah Division).  As I recall, this was the first time that the High Court had done this in around 50 years.  The federal trial court judge would serve as a fact-finder, grading the papers of that Georgia jury. 

Interesting - a single federal judge given the opportunity to overturn a state jury.  Think about that, it's a big deal. 

So, after pondering all this, I went to the very long opinion that Judge Moore issued in that unusual hearing, and I have posted it at Google Docs for anyone who wants to read it (it's almost 150 pages, and it appears in two parts):

Judge Moore's Opinion re Troy Davis Part One;
Judge Moore's Opinion re Troy Davis Part Two.

The evidence that was considered in the Troy Davis case is presented at the beginning of this opinion.  After that, an analysis of that evidence under a "clear and convincing" standard is given; a standard not as stringent as that of "beyond a reasonable doubt," as discussed on page 80 of the Pattern Jury Instructions of the Eleventh Circuit.  (Judge Moore spends significant word count explaining the burden of proof he believes applies in his determinations.)

Bottom line, it is this opinion that I think everyone should be reading before they consider the words of political commentators - Judge Moore obviously wrote this opinion with the expectation that many eyes would be reading and reviewing his work. 

• Was there physical evidence?  He discusses shell casings found at the scene of the crime.
• Why wasn't he swayed by the eyewitnesses who recanted?  He goes into detail, witness by witness, regarding what they said then and now.

Did the State of Georgia execute an innocent man?  I don't know.  I do know that I learned something from this opinion and I wish I had read it, in all its details, long ago instead of reading a lot of the other stuff out there on this case. 

TV Shows That Take From Pending Cases: Harry's Law and the Case of the Big Firm Who Failed the Death Row Inmate

I don't know if you caught any of the new David E. Kelley television series, Harry's Law, but it's online for free if you want to catch at least the season finale, "Last Dance."   I liked the show - even though admittedly it probably jumps the shark at least once an episode on the political soapbox platform stuff - and I hope it returns next year.  And that's not just because Kathy Bates is the lead, not some big-haired younger actress with stillettos, a smart mouth, and a love interest.  I like Castle, too. 

Anywho.  The episode became a bit more fascinating than merely entertaining to me when I began to realize that the storyline was a twist on an actual miscarriage of justice that Terry Lenamon and I have been monitoring over at the Death Penalty Blog. 

It's really true that a mother calling to check the appellate clerk's docket was the one to inform the fancy schmancy law firm that there had been a ruling.  After the deadline to appeal that ruling had passed, of course.  What to do?  The man faced execution. 

That's right: unless some lawyer or judge pulled a rabbit out of a hat, a man would die because of a law firm mailroom messup.  Talk about form over substance.

In the television show, the inmate is played by the same actor who portrayed Michael Oher in The Blind Side.  Quinton Aaron.  He's good, I hope he gets more roles.

In real life, the inmate is Mr. Cory Maples. The law firm that messed up is the highly esteemed Sullivan & Cromwell.

What really and truly happened is this (quoting from the DP Blog): 

... two New York associates from swanky Sullivan & Cromwell walked into an Alabama trial court, post-conviction (pro hac vices granted), and filed a motion under Rule 32 of the Alabama Rules of Criminal Procedure. Thereafter, the two associates left the law firm, and when the court clerk sent out notices that the Rule 32 motion had been denied (tick tick tick of the appellate clock), Sullivan & Cromwell returned the notices: "return to sender."

Of importance, the Rule 32 Motion was denied in part because of (1) failure to state a claim and (2) asserting arguments that were to be made in direct appeal. Also of importance, their signature blocks never gave the firm's name, just the individual attorneys -- and yet, the law firm kept the representation after the two lawyers left its employ, learning of the missed appellate deadlines only after their client's mother called to check on status.

We'll have to wait until next season to see what Harry's law firm does to save their fictional Death Row inmate - who had a 30 day ticker before his scheduled execution date.

For Cory Maples, we must wait on the United States Supreme Court.  They took the case last month; however, their review is limited to only one argument (no. 2) in his petition for writ of certiorari. Here's that question:

Whether the Eleventh Circuit properly held - in conflict with the decisions of this Court and other courts - that there was no "cause" to excuse any procedural default where petitioner was blameless for the default, the State's own conduct contributed to the default, and petitioner's attorneys of record were no longer functioning as his agents at the time of any default.

Now, we wait on the vote.

The docket for the Supreme Court's decision about Cory Maples can be followed here.

The schedule for Harry's Law?  Right now, I don't know that the show has been renewed.  Apparently, NBC won't decide until mid-May, after its advertisers get together and vote or something (story here). 

Texas Death Row's Hank Skinner and the US Supreme Court - What About Post Conviction DNA Testing Under 42 USC 1983?

On Monday, the U.S. Supreme Court granted the Petition for Writ of Certiorari filed by Texas Death Row Inmate Hank Skinner.  It's a case to watch, because it means that the High Court will hear Skinner's argument he has a right to pursue a civil claim, not a criminal one, regarding his continuing assertion that he is innocent of the crime for which he has been sentenced to death.

Savvy Appellate Counsel file Civil Rights Claim

What Hank Skinner's savvy defense attorneys have done is file a civil rights claim which argues that his constitutional rights have been violated because the State of Texas didn't allow him to test evidence that was not tested at trial.   He's not arguing this as part of his criminal case (writ of habeas corpus); he's arguing it as a civil matter. 

The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals already denied him, standing on past precedent and opining that any violations of his constitutional rights to (1) due process and (2) protection against cruel and unusual punishment based upon "the defendant district attorney’s refusal to allow him access to biological evidence" for purposes of forensic DNA testing need to be addressed in a petition for habeas corpus, not a petition for writ of certioriari. 

What Hank Skinner wants is to test evidence for the absence of his DNA long after the jury trial is over

Skinner wants to test things that were left outside the courtroom during the jury trial that found him guilty and sentenced him to die.  Professing his innocence of the crime, Hank Skinner wants the chance to take things in possession of the State of Texas, send them to a laboratory, and have the lab results show his DNA isn't on the stuff and therefore, he wasn't the killer.   (If you want to read the background facts of the case, read them in Skinner's own words in a Q and A he answers at the Texas Death Penalty Blog.)

What About the Evidence?

It's obvious from his arguments that not all the evidence found at the scene of the crime was tested for Hank Skinner's DNA.  And, of course it's true that DNA testing has exonerated many who have been wrongfully accused in this country (often, thanks to the efforts of The Innocence Project). 

Interestingly, the same day that the Supreme Court granted writ on the Skinner case, a Wisconsin County Judge freed William Avery, 38, after DNA evidence showed that Mr. Avery did not kill a Milwaukee prostitute 12 years ago.  He had served 5 years of a 40 year sentence. 

It's also true that failure to properly test the state's evidence has led to the execution of innocent men.  Texas executed Cameron Todd Willingham in 2004; today, there are few that doubt that Mr. Willingham was innocent of the arson deaths of his children, and that faulty testing of the evidence (and failure of the system) was to blame.

What Happened at the Trial?

However, what I'm wondering is what happened during the criminal trial?  Was this a defense attorney strategy back then -- to not dig too deep in the State's evidence bag, for fear that it would only reveal more evidence that could be used against the defendant? 

Why didn't the defense counsel at the trial do this testing?  Was it error? Or was it a conscious decision made in what was considered the best interests of their client at the time?

And, here's why I'm asking - gamesmanship and the jury trial. 

1.  In future cases, what if criminal defense attorneys make strategic decisions NOT to go into all the things that came from the criminal investigation.  Is the Skinner case going to mean that years down the road, a whole new series of appeals will begin, based upon a constitutional need to go back and check that stuff then?  Assuming so, then how can we protect against gamesmanship while allowing for legitimate claims?

2.  What does this do to the respect of the jury that is inherent in our system?  Already, we have seen mediation and other forms of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) cast aside the constitutionally recognized sanctity of a trial by a jury of our peers in civil actions.  What impact will Skinner have upon the criminal jury system over the years, if the U.S. Supreme Court agrees with Mr. Skinner's arguments?

The Troy Davis Case Worries Me

Troy Davis sits on Death Row in Georgia, and he may well be executed by the State of Georgia ... which to someone like me, sitting here in Texas, isn't that big of a news event. Sorry, but you know what I mean. I'm in TEXAS.

Except here's the thing: Troy Davis may well be innocent, and he's asking for a new trial -- with the U.S. Supreme Court putting off a decision on granting writ until next fall.